ABSTRACT
Abstract Sarcopenia has been acquiring a growing importance in the scientific literature and in doctors' offices. As the population ages, it becomes increasingly essential to know, prevent, and treat this clinical condition. The purpose of the present review is to bring up the current evidence on the diagnosis of this pathology, in a practical way, as well as the main current treatment options.
Resumo A sarcopenia vem ganhando cada vez mais importância na literatura científica e nos consultórios médicos. Com o envelhecimento da população, essa condição clínica se torna cada vez mais imprescindível de se conhecer, se prevenir e de se tratar. O objetivo desta revisão é trazer as evidências atuais sobre o diagnóstico dessa patologia, de forma prática, bem como as principais opções atuais de tratamento.
Subject(s)
Humans , Testosterone , Creatine , Sarcopenia/diagnosis , Sarcopenia/therapy , LeucineABSTRACT
Sarcopenia is an age-related degenerative disease, in which skeletal muscle mass and function are reduced during aging process. Physical intervention is one of the most effective strategies available for the treatment of sarcopenia. Studies have shown that microRNAs (miRNAs), as important regulators of gene expression, play an important role in maintaining the homeostasis of senescent skeletal muscle cells by regulating skeletal muscle cell development (proliferation and differentiation), mitochondrial biogenesis, protein synthesis and degradation, inflammatory response and metabolic pathways. Furthermore, exercise can combat age-related changes in muscle mass, composition and function, which is associated with the changes in the expression and biological functions of miRNAs in skeletal muscle cells. In this article, we systematically review the regulatory mechanisms of miRNAs in skeletal muscle aging, and discuss the regulatory roles and molecular targets of exercise-mediated miRNAs in muscular atrophy during aging process, which may provide novel insights into the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia.
Subject(s)
Humans , Aging/genetics , Exercise Therapy , MicroRNAs/genetics , Muscle, Skeletal , Sarcopenia/therapyABSTRACT
SUMMARY: We investigated the effect of the intervention using the BFR method on functional capacity after 16 weeks in elderly women. In a controlled clinical trial, 23 women were randomly allocated into two groups, low-intensity exercise with blood flow restriction (LI + BFR, N = 11, Age: 69.40 ± 5.73) and control group (CG, N = 12, Age: 69.00 ± 6.39). The LI + BFR group had a volume of 75 repetitions at 20-30 % of 1RM and 3-4 sets per exercise (30, 15, 15 and repetitions with 30" rest between sets). The CG did not undergo any type of exercise. Functional capacity, anthropometry and sarcopenia were verified through a battery of tests before and after 16 weeks. The LI + BFR group had significant improvement in performance in Handgrip strength, Chair Stand, Arm curl, 2.44 Up-and-Go and 6 min walk, Sit-andreach and Back Scratch (p<0.05) after the intervention. The elderly women were still classified as sarcopenic, despite the improvement in the Muscle Mass Index (p<0.01). CG did not present significant changes. The BFR method can be an effective in the intervention process using physical exercise as an auxiliary strategy in the control of sarcopenia, providing a physical profile during the aging process.
RESUMEN: Investigamos en mujeres ancianas el efecto de la intervención utilizando el método de restricción del flujo sanguíneo en la capacidad funcional, después de 16 semanas. En un ensayo clínico controlado, 23 mujeres fueron asignadas aleatoriamente en dos grupos; ejercicio de baja intensidad con restricción de flujo sanguíneo (BI + RFS, N = 11, edad: 69,40 ± 5,73) y grupo control (GC, N = 12, Edad: 69,00 ± 6,39). El grupo BI + RFS tuvo un volumen de 75 repeticiones al 20-30 % de 1RM y 3-4 series por ejercicio (30, 15, 15 y repeticiones con 30 " de descanso entre series). El GC no fue sometido a ningún tipo de ejercicio. La capacidad funcional, la antropometría y la sarcopenia se verificaron mediante una batería de pruebas antes y después de 16 semanas. El grupo BI + RFS tuvo una mejora significativa en el rendimiento de la fuerza de la empuñadura, soporte de la silla, curvatura del brazo, 2,44 up-and-go y 6 min, 'sit-and-reach' 'Back Scratch' (p<0,05) después de la intervención. Las mujeres de edad avanzada seguían clasificadas como sarcopénicas, a pesar de la mejora en el índice de masa muscular (p<0,01). El GC no presentó cambios significativos. El método de restricción del flujo sanguíneo puede ser efectivo en el proceso de intervención utilizando ejercicio físico como estrategia auxiliar en el control de la sarcopenia, proporcionando un perfil físico durante el proceso de envejecimiento.